The listed reference ranges should be used when interpreting laboratory values presented in esap. Included in this section are the lab values and nursing considerations for glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, glucose tolerance test, and diabetes mellitus antibody panel. Laboratory values are expressed in the units used at. Sep 14, 2007 normal laboratory values hematology red blood cells rbc male 4. These will be useful in the insolvability of the quintic. As inr is a ratio, the general population will have a value of about 1. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide in exhaled breath feno was the first useful noninvasive marker of airway inflammation in asthma and still is the most widely used. Lab values measure several variables in a patients body chemistry. Normal urinary proteins values are less than 150 mgd and are undetectable using urinary dipstick. Often, doctors will order more than one test at a time to get a broader picture of the.
Identify normal chemistry values for the adult patient. Laboratory tests reference ranges 1,25dihydroxyvitamin d 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol, serum see vitamin d metabolites 17hydroxyprogesterone, serum. A listing of the urinalysis results that are normal. In this section, two more series of a group are introduced. A urine test urinalysis, is a simple test used to diagnose infections and conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, kidney conditions, dehydration, and liver disease. Substantial variation exists in the ranges quoted as normal and may vary depending on the assay used by different laboratories. For this purpose, reference sera normal and pathological values with up to 20 vol. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness.
The excel files containing all raw data and results are backed up daily using a cd writer or external drive for storage. Proteus some exceptions exist, such as staphylococcus, enterococcus, and pseudomonas leukocyte esterase normal. As part of a routine medical exam to screen for early signs of disease. Dark yellow to orange urine is typi cal of bilirubinuria. Dipstick urinalysis detects protein with bromphenol blue indicator dye and is most. Today, urinalysis is one of the most common clinical tests ordered for adult and pediatric patients. Fluctuation in acidity levels may indicate an infection. When urinary protein values exceed 300500 mgd, the dipstick test result becomes positive. Fasting blood sugar 110 mgdl glycosylated hemoglobin hba1c 5,47,2 % urea ure 1050 mgdl creatinine cre. It is the most abundant mineral in the body with 98% found in the skeleton. The color of normal urine varies from clear dilute to yellow concentrated. Common laboratory values laboratory tests are an integral part of every day practice within health care.
Amylase, urine i o uhr androstenedione, serum female. Learning objectives after successful completion of this course, you will be able to. Normal values definition of normal values by medical dictionary. Knowing the different normal lab values is an important step in making an informed clinical decision as a nurse. Normal values references ranges free medical student revision notes medical assistant graduation cap med school ideas for 2019 normal values references ranges. Lab tests are used to help confirm a diagnosis, monitor an illness, and the patients response to treatment. The table revises the most recently published data normal reference laboratory values. Additionally, after completing this module, you will be able to discuss reasons why these common lab values may be either elevated or decreased. Test results are the most important tools that your doctor will use in order to. Examination of urine as an aid to diagnose a number of diseases is the oldest among tests in the history of medical laboratory technology.
Therefore, these tables should be considered as directional only. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis. The provision of safe, efficient and competent care was the catalyst to offer a quick resource tool that would assist nurses in. Hematology absolute neutrophil count male 17805380l 1. Smoky red or colacolored urine suggests glomerulonephritis. A listing of the urinalysis results that are abnormal. This result illustrates the usefulness of a study of. Learn about each test and what low, optimal, and high results may mean so you can work with your doctor to choose appropriate treatment.
Urine is usually supersaturated in calcium oxalate, often in calcium phosphate, and acid urine is often saturated in uric acid. Urine ph value is a measure of acidity of the sample, and the ideal value is around 6. Your health care provider will tell you what type of urine sample is needed. Consult your local laboratory for guidelines as to normal values for the specific testing procedures used.
Urinalysis interpretation agency for clinical innovation. Lab reference ranges acp internal medicine meeting. Understanding the normal laboratory values of blood glucose is an essential key in managing diabetes mellitus. The file is opened and copied to an excel spreadsheet for evaluation. Reference values for common laboratory tests 1 serum chemistries reference range alanine aminotransferase alt 1040 ul albumin 3. Therefore, any condition that produces acids or bases in the body such as acidosis or alkalosis, or the ingestion of acidic or basic foods, can directly affect urine ph. Normal lab values urine cerebrospinal fluid minimum volume 0. Interpretation of renal function tests and the renal. Feno was measured in 204 healthy, nonsmoking adults with normal spirometry. The noninvasive nature and the relatively easy use of feno technique make it an interesting tool to monitor airway. Customized reference ranges for laboratory values decrease.
Normal daily protein excretion should not exceed 150mg24 hours or 10mg100ml. Yet crystalluria is uncommon in warm, fresh urine because of the normal presence of crystal inhibitors, the lack of available nidus, and the time factor. After taking into consideration the differences across the general population, the inr ranges between 0. Urine is normally acidic but its normal ph ranges from 4. Perhaps, one of the earliest known record of urine test was the. Decoding your thyroid tests and results wondering about your thyroid test results. Sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% when positive for either leukocyte esterase or nitrite. Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. The aim of this study was to establish adult feno reference values according to the international guidelines.
It is important for blood clotting, nerve and muscle function, and cell reproduction activity. Chemistry pediatric reference ranges lifebridge health. Diagnostic and laboratory tests are tools that provide invaluable insights and information about the patient. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. Theres no one, main standard of lab values considered universally normal. Uti symptoms of dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain andor hematuria. For example, with normal kidney function 630 grams of sodium are filtered each day, 626. Two common methods of collecting urine are 24hour urine collection.
Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis test alternative names occurunits usual normal range examples of conditions in which abnormal values ph, urine ph ph units 4. Although the inr has been developed to minimize differences among assays, especially as related to monitoring of warfarin therapy. Understanding your test results multiple myeloma explained. As such, the nclex will not ask you what any normal ranges are. Laboratory values see inside back cover for continuation. Lab work can help assess and diagnose patients with. If you have signs of diabetes or kidney disease, or to monitor you if you are being treated for these conditions. Urinalysis, complete with microscopic examination labcorp. Urine test urinalysis, types, procedure, and disease. It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in urine may indicate disease. This table lists reference values for the most common laboratory tests and is intended for interpretation of the results as they are provided in the examination. Statistical evaluation of the runs is accomplished with microsoft excel software on a pc.
Pt inr range, normal, high, test results interpretation. Dipstick urine analysis without urine culture is sufficient for dxof uncomplicated uti. S ually report values for blood and urine tests in conventional tra ditional units. Random urine amino acid reference values random values expressed as nmolmg creatinine age groups premature 1 d 32 d24 mo 25 mo18 yr or 19 yr phosphoserine pser 5001,690 150339 112304 708 40510 taurine tau 5,19023,620 1,6506,220 5453,790 6391,866 3801,850. The test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort. The reference range is around 815 5 and the most commonly used cutoff value to define increased bcr is 20. The following is a table of reference values for adults for laboratory tests commonly ordered at the massachusetts general hospital mgh and recorded in the case records. Interpretation of urinalysis results pointofcare testing. Reference values for normal urinalysis it is important to check with each agencys laboratory for normal reference values as they may vary slightly. Therefore, you dont expect a normal urine output for everybody to be the same. Kidney function tests target either the blood or urine and measure different aspects of kidney function. The listed reference ranges should be used when interpreting laboratory values. Chemistry urinalysis pediatric reference ranges page 1 of 3 chemistry.
Sep 18, 2014 however, these values may be normal or at least acceptable in specific populations like elderly patients or an icu setting. Macroscopic gross hematuria will make the urine appear red. Microbiology guide to interpreting minimum inhibitory. Page 1 name of test optimal range 1 thyroid stimulating hormone tsh 0. According to the american association for clinical chemistry, the average value for urine ph is 6.
Normal urinalysis test results are absence or presence of very few rbcs, wbcs, epithelial cells, casts, crystals, and microorganisms bacteria and yeast. Lab values and their meanings acknowledgement the lpn lab values manual was first compiled in response to a lack of information in the form of a quick reference manual for licensed practical nurses in 2008. Academy of acute care physical therapy apta task force on lab values. Proteinuria is defined by the production of 150mgday with nephritic syndrome producing 3. While speaking about urinalysis normal values in pregnancy, presence of hcg hormone human chorionic gonadotropin is used for confirming conception. Normal values can vary from hospital to hospital or institution to institution. The factor of is needed to convert creatinine result from. Vanillylmandelic acid, urine less than 8 mg24 h 40. Either represents a result outside the reference range value.
Gfr glomerular filtration rate national kidney foundation. Values and units of measurement listed in these tables are derived from several resources. Normal lab values complete blood count cbc test acronym meaning normal range values male normal range values female wbc number of white blood cells 3. An h in this column may mean that the result is higher than the reference range. Foods such as acidic fruits cranberries can lower the ph, as can high a high protein diet. Related entries swiss cheese model paediatric vital signs potassium sodium the anion gap labs help me pass nursing school. Urinalysis interpretation university of wisconsinmadison. The arterial blood gas provides the following values. Because urine specimens are usually readily available and are obtained noninvasively, the urine. Red blood cells rbcs can be present in your urine, whether you see pink in the toilet bowl or not. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Download a printerfriendly version of the chart here. Pdf interpreting laboratory values in older adults. The urinary dipstick only detects the presence of albumin and no other proteins. Reference values for exhaled nitric oxide reveno study. Dec 15, 2015 normal urinary proteins values are less than 150 mgd and are undetectable using urinary dipstick. Selected normal pediatric laboratory values all laboratory values listed are approximate. Maintaining electrolyte balance such as sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium. Normal urine output per hour may vary in persontoperson as with many things in life, everyone is different. Asthma is considered an heterogeneous disease, requiring multiple biomarkers for diagnosis and management.