The significance of elevated beta 2microglobulin b2m in b. A local inflammatory reaction to beta 2 microglobulin beta 2 m amyloid deposits by monocytesmacrophages is a characteristic histologic feature of dialysisrelated amyloidosis dra. Despite its potential role as a convenient and noninvasive prognostic indicator in malignant lymphomas, the influence of serum. B2m is found on the surface of many cells and is released into the body. Increased values in cerebrospinal fluid csf are ascribed to an activation of immune system. Beta 2 microglobulin b2m is an 11kda protein recognized as the lightchain component of the mhci molecule. Its levels tend to be elevated when a person is suffering from a particular type of cancer. Dynamics and dimension of an amyloidogenic disordered.
It is produced by nucleated cells membranes and is detectable in the serum and other body fluids. A protein found on the surface of many cells, including white blood cells. Beta2microglobulin b2m is a protein that is found on the surface of almost all cells in the body and is shed by cells into the blood, particularly by b lymphocytes and tumour cells. Allograft injury, allograft rejection, noninvasive monitoring, proteomics. Beta 2 microglobulin an overview sciencedirect topics. Lokanathan2, v s ghalaut3, krishna malik4, tarun sharma5, isha malik6. In serum or plasma samples, the reference range is 03 gml. B2m also has been used to evaluate kidney function following a kidney. Calibrators and controls should be returned to 28c storage immediately after use. Multiple myeloma lymphoma primary amyloidosis secondary amyloidosis hepatitis nephritis rheumatoid arthritis immune diseases. Beta 2 microglobulin b2m is synthesized in all nucleated cells and forms the light chain subunit of the major histocompatibility complex mhc class i antigen 1, 2.
Beta2 microglobulin tumour marker lab tests online uk. Beta 2microglobulin beta 2 m is a small membrane protein 11,800 dalton associated with the heavy chains of class i major histocompatibility complex proteins and is, therefore, on the surface of all nucleated cells. Anderson cancer center between 1980 and 1997, in whom pretreatment b2m. Previously, it has been shown that b 2 m adopts an ensemble of partially unfolded states at low ph. Beta 2microglobulin, serum beta 2microglobulin normally passes through the glomerulus into the proximal tubule where much of it is reabsorbed.
Pdf beta2microglobulin is an independent predictor of. Although serum beta 2 microglobulin b2m represents a key variable for symptomatic multiple myeloma mm prognostication, its role in predicting the risk of progression of asymptomatic mm to symptomatic disease has not been explored. It is present in most body fluids and its concentration in the bloodstream rises with conditions that increase cell production andor destruction, or that activate the immune system. Beta 2microglobulin general information lab order codes. Sep 05, 2014 the reference range of beta 2 microglobulin in urine samples is 00. Like many other markers for diseases, the beta 2 micro globulin does. Introduction human beta 2 microglobulin b2mg is an 11. Beta 2 microglobulin concentration reported in mcgml. The hazard ratios for elevated serum b2m level in terms of os were 3. Human b 2 microglobulin b 2 m aggregation is implicated in dialysisrelated amyloidosis. Subclass mm017 cm001 igg1 mm017 cm002 igg1 mm017 cm003 igg1 mm017 cm004 igg1 b2 microglobulin. Serum beta2microglobulin values among healthy brazilians. Beta 2 microglobulin is a protein that is found on the surface of almost all cells nucleated cells. The beta 2 microglobulin eia test is an enzyme immunoassay eia for the measurement of beta 2 microglobulin in serum as an aid in the diagnosis of active rheumatoid arthritis and kidney disease.
This test measures b2m in the blood, urine, or rarely in. Beta2microglobulin, serum test detail quest diagnostics. The link between the b2m mhc1 molecules and membrane structure has been associated with lymphocyte activation. Tnf, b2 microglobulin amyloidosis english to spanish. Ershler, in brocklehursts textbook of geriatric medicine and gerontology seventh edition, 2010. The small size allows beta 2 m to pass through the glomerular membrane, but it is almost completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubules. Beta 2 microglobulin b2m is a protein that is found on the surface of nucleated cells contain a nucleus and functions as part of the human immune system. This protein is routinely shed by cells into the blood and is present in most body fluids, with highest levels in the blood, generally lower levels in spinal fluid, and trace levels in urine in the kidneys, b2m passes through blood. Beta 2 microglobulin is an amyloidogenic protein in man. Beta 2 microglobulin is an 11 kda protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. Beta2 microglobulin an overview sciencedirect topics.
In this paper, we revisit the role of beta 2 microglobulin. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer in the body. Levin beta 2 microglobulin is the most widely studied lowmolecularweight protein in endstage renal disease. Certain characteristics of b2m make it suitable for detecting tumor cells, especially in blood and kidney cells. Samples can be stored for 1 week at 2 8c or for up to one year at. Beta2 microglobulin b2m is a protein that is found on the surface of almost all cells in the body and is shed by cells into the blood, particularly by b lymphocytes and tumor cells.
Increased amounts of beta 2microglobulin are excreted in several renal disorders, e. This test measures the amount of a protein called beta 2 microglobulin b2m in the blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid csf. Beta 2 microglobulin for the quantitative determination of human beta 2 microglobulin b2m in serumplasma or urine method. The criteria for no significant interference is recovery within 10% of the initial value. Useful for prognosis evaluation of multiple myeloma and for evaluation. Beta 2microglobulin b2m is a protein that is found on the surface of almost all cells in the body and is shed by cells into the blood, particularly by b lymphocytes and tumour cells. The problem with cancer is that the body does not recognize these malignant cells as being foreign.
Child ja, spati b, illingworth s, barnard d, corbett s, simmons av, stone j, worthy ts, cooper eh. Introduction human beta2 microglobulin b2mg is an 11. All patients with philadelphia chromosomepositive early chronic phase cml i. Serum levels are therefore an index of glomerular function. B2m binds noncovalently to mhc class i molecules and is not directly attached to the cell membrane. Its concentration increases in various pathologies. Beta2 microglobulin kidney disease lab tests online.
Involvement of b2 microglobulin and integrin avb3 molecules in the coxsackievirus a9 infectious cycle. Apr 14, 2010 beta 2 micro globulin is a component molecule of the cells in the human body. It is recommended that each laboratory establish its own normal and pathological ranges of urine levels. B2microglobulin and associated amyloidosis presenting as. Also, the 2 m level in serum is a useful marker of other. Latexenhanced immunoturbidimetric assay b2m is a protein that is found on the surface of almost all cells and is shed by cells into the blood, particularly b lymphocytes and tumor cells. B2mg is expressed on nucleated cells, and is found at low levels in the serum and urine of normal individuals. Beta2 microglobulin b2m levels increase during infection with some viruses, including hiv. The significance of elevated beta 2microglobulin b2m. The other 3 include alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 see second image below. When impaired, serum levels rise in inverse ratio to glomerular filtration rate. Using immunoturbidimetry, we examined concentrations of beta2 microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid in a large group of 6274 patients with defined. This protein further functions to present antigens to cytotoxic t lymphocytes that.
Association with beta 2 microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class i heavy chains. Beta 2 microglobulin is not diagnostic of a given disease but is usually an indicator of disease severity, e. Beta 2 microglobulin b2m tumor marker test medlineplus. Sep 25, 2014 beta2 microglobulin is synthesized in all nucleated cells and forms the light chain subunit of the major histocompatibility complex class i antigen. Beta 2 microglobulin b2m is a protein that is found on the surface part of mhc class i of almost all cells in the body and is shed by cells into the blood, particularly by b lymphocytes and tumour cells. Beta 2 microglobulin beta 2 m is a low molecular weight protein of importance in the evaluation of the reabsorptive capacity of the proximal kidney tubule. Definition beta 2 microglobulin is a protein found on the surface of many cells. Pdf involvement of b2microglobulin and integrin avb3. Beta 2 microglobulin is a lowmolecularweight protein that forms the heavy chains component of class i histocompatibility hla. Cleaved b 2 microglobulin as an indicator of acute tubular injury may become a useful tool for noninvasive monitoring of renal allografts. Increased urinary excretion of 2 m is a sensitive indicator of renal insufficiency. The implication and significance of beta 2 microglobulin. Complete blood count, metabolic profile with liver function tests, serum ldh level, serum beta 2 microglobulin, serumfree light chain assay, serum and 24hour urine protein, electrophoresis and immunofixation, a skeletal survey, and bone.
Bmg is on the surface of most cells and is therefore a useful indicator of cell death or unusually high levels of cell production. Rapidpublication beta 2microglobulin is anamyloidogenic protein in man peterd. It is the small subunit of the mhc class i molecule. Testing is done primarily when evaluating a person for certain kinds of cancer affecting white blood cells including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, nonhodgkins lymphoma, and multiple myeloma or kidney disease. The randox beta2 microglobulin reagent can comfortably detect levels outside of this range with a measuring range of 0.
Multiple myeloma lymphoma primary amyloidosis secondary amyloidosis. Crisp aj, coughlan rj, mackintosh d, clark b and panayi, gs. Beta 2 microglobulin b2m is a protein that is found on the surface of almost all cells in the body and is shed by cells into the blood, particularly by b lymphocytes and tumor cells. It is present in most body fluids and its level rises with conditions that increase cell production andor destruction, or that activate the immune system. Complete blood count, metabolic profile with liver function tests, serum ldh level, serum beta2 microglobulin, serumfree light chain assay, serum and 24hour urine protein, electrophoresis and immunofixation, a skeletal survey, and bone. Serum beta 2 microglobulin and creactive protein in the monitoring of lymphomas. May 03, 2020 beta2 microglobulin speaker a protein found on the surface of many cells, including white blood cells. Beta 2 microglobulin b2m is a naturally occurring protein in the human body. Pdf comportamento della beta2microglobulina in alcune. Our objective was to investigate the prognostic significance of serum.
Beta 2 microglobulin, s aliases lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching b2 microglobulin b2m, serum beta microglobulin beta 2 microglobulin microglobulin, beta 2 beta 2 microglobulin. It is one of two polypeptide chains that make up the structure of a major histocompatibility complex mhc class i molecule. Guy sherwood the purpose of the bodys immune system is not only to recognize foreign antigens but also to be able to determine between self and not self. Serum beta 2 microglobulin beta 2 m 2 m levels in 100 patients with myeloma it was reported that the median survival of patients with values 4 mcgml was 12 months, whereas median survival for patients with values b, and antifodrin, can have a clinical utility in diagnosis of ss 124 as well as b cellactivating. Beta 2 micro globulin is a component molecule of the cells in the human body. This feature of the beta 2 micro globulin makes it useful in the diagnosis of various types of diseases. These factors ultimately lead to increased amounts of cleaved urinary b 2 microglobulin. Chronic inflammatory processes triggered by pyrogen impurities cytokineinduced formation of interleukin tnf, b2microglobulin amyloidosis. Beta2microglobulin as a diagnostic marker in cerebrospinal. Free 2 m is filtered by the glomerulus and subsequently reabsorbed in the proximal tubular cells. Interpretation depends on the specific clinical indication and context. There is currently an unmet need for better biomarkers across the spectrum of renal diseases.